Centrifugal instability over a rotating cone in axial flow

In this study, a new centrifugal instability mode, which dominates within the boundary-layer flow over a slender rotating cone in still fluid, is used for the first time to model the problem within an enforced oncoming axial flow. The resulting problem necessitates an updated similarity solution to represent the basic flow more accurately than previous studies in the literature. The new mean flow field is subsequently perturbed leading to disturbance equations that are solved via numerical and short-wavelength asymptotic approaches, importantly yielding favourable comparison with existing experiments. Essentially, the boundary-layer flow undergoes competition between the streamwise flow component, due to the oncoming flow, and the rotational flow component, due to effect of the spinning cone surface, which can be described mathematically in terms of a control parameter, namely the ratio of streamwise to axial flow. For a slender cone rotating in sufficiently strong axial flow rates, the instability mode breaks down to Görtler-type counter-rotating spiral vortices, governed by an underlying centrifugal mechanism, which is consistent with experimental and theoretical studies for a slender rotating cone in otherwise-still fluid.